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The Music of Kurt M. Mehlenbacher

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Weekly Listening: Suite No. 1 in E flat by Gustav Holst

Raise your hand if you have never played this piece.

If you participated in a band program in the United States, you have likely played this piece at least once, if not multiple times. It is a huge staple of music education in the wind band world, and a true gem of artistry. It suffers a little bit by how jaded people can become by being in a band and by the swath of "eh" that is composed for that ensemble, but the brilliance inherent in the work when you cast the baggage aside is something at which to be marveled.

I, myself, have only performed this piece in concert three times, each time playing a different part, so I may have escaped the overindulgence of such a work. You can take a listen to it here to refresh your memory.

A Brief Overview of Holst

Gustav Holst (1874 – 1934) had kind of a miserable upbringing. His mother died shortly after the birth of her second child (Holst's little sister), and both were heavily neglected by his father, who seemed to favor the piano over his children. Holst suffered from poor eyesight, rampant asthma, and neuritis of the hands, all of which went unchecked in youth—his official bio states that "no one seemed to bother" with any of his health issues.

He studied at the Royal Conservatory of Music, where he was described as shy yet absorbed with people. Peculiar for the time, he was a vegetarian, and did not smoke or drink. Since vegetarianism was maybe less understood at that time, he likely never received a fully nourishing meal in school, and thus continued to lose sight while the neuritis in his hands only increased.

Some of his earliest influences as a composer were Wagner's Götterdämmerung (conducted by Mahler), and J.S. Bach's Mass in B Minor. He was a trombonist—apparently excessively virtuosic while still an active performer—before quitting and completely diving into composition, and was a lifelong friend of Ralph Vaughan Williams. He remained a fanatic of Sanskrit texts, such as the Vedas and Bhagavad-gita, which permeated his earlier operas and songs.

Most notably, Holst is remembered for composing the Planets, a colossal work for orchestra which embraces the astrological signs as related to all of our neighbors in the solar system except Pluto (the prominent Holst scholar, Colin Mathews, later wrote a Pluto movement, but it is not... quite fitting of the previous masterpieces). His legacy as a great teacher, a neurotic composer, and proficient intellect a prominent in much of his compositions, which still remain largely unknown even by his own countrymen.

A bit about the piece

This piece is about as tight as one can find for how early in the repertoire it comes. Written in 1909 and stemming from the British military band tradition, Suite No. 1 in E flat is a bit unusual in that it is not like a lot of more contemporary wind ensemble works where the piece was written as a collection of winds and percussion without strings, but also not falling into "that band sound" where the listener is assaulted by an army of saxophones and horns playing in unison. It is more like he conceived it as a chamber piece that just happened to have 18+ players in it (let me tell you, if you ever get a chance to program / hear / perform this work as a chamber piece with one player per part, it is like a brand new work!).

The entire piece comes from the chaconne melody from the first movement. Literally. The first movement itself is an architectural masterpiece consisting of a melodic presentation that is then embellished by variations and inventions of itself, working through a slow, orchestrated crescendo that culminates into one of the most magnificently textbook-scored Eb major chords ever to grace my ears (John Mackey actually lifted this chord, orchestration and all, and used it to end his piece Aurora Awakes).

The intermezzo is a spinout of the the first three notes from the chaconne, and the march is an inversion of those same notes. What is really refreshing about the work as a whole—or in part— is that the piece very clearly is not trying to be anything other than a work deliberately written for these instruments. The chaconne very much as that triangle shape in form, holding true to its passacaglia characteristics all the way to the end; the intermezzo is one of the most perfect encapsulations of the term; the march is one of the most clear-cut renditions of the form so codified by John Philip Sousa.

But what the whole point is for me is that this piece was written in 1909: it established these standards—these cliches, if you will—without falling victim to them. I find it curious that, with such a starting point (one could argue the "start of the wind band" all the way back to a Mozart Divertimento, though many give credit to Vaughan Williams' English Folk Song Suite as the "first" piece for band), how did all of that repertoire between then and the birth of the wind ensemble concept from Eastman get written? Almost like most composers just ignored Holst's orchestration prowess and defaulted to the shades of gray that jade our thought on what winds can, and should, actually sound like as a large ensemble.

Regardless, if you know this suite, dust it off and give it a new listen with fresh ears. If you do not know it, spend some time with it. It is a true masterpiece through and through.

tags: Gustav Holst, wind ensemble, band, Royal Conservatory of Music, Wagner, Götterdämmerung, Mahler, J. S. Bach, B Minor Mass, Ralph Vaughan Williams, Sanskrit, Veda, Bhagavad-gita, The Planets, Plute, Suite No. 1 in E flat for Military Band, John Mackey, Aurora Awakes, chaconne, intermezzo, march, John Philip Sousa, passacaglia, divertimento, English Folk Song Suite, Eastman, Colin Matthews
categories: Weekly Listening
Monday 07.17.17
Posted by Kurt Mehlenbacher
 

Weekly Listening: Concerto for Soprano Saxophone and Wind Ensemble by John Mackey

It is an understatement when I say I adore this piece. It has so much in it that I rings with my beliefs in music, so I really wanted to make this one of the weekly listenings since it seems to be falling further and further away from the lime light it once had in the late 2000s.

Mackey is kind enough to provide a full recording of the piece along with a score on his website.

A Brief Overview of Mackey

If you have played in a wind ensemble or symphonic band—especially at the collegiate level—any time from about 2005 to the present day, you have likely performed or at least heard one of Mackey's works. He is insanely prolific in the wind band world, and rightfully so! He is one of those few who has figured out how to music for wind ensemble, which is in stark contrast to those who write "band music" (image your teacher saying this with a sneer and an implied level of sheer disdain for everything it represents).

John Mackey holds degrees from the Cleveland Institute of Music and Juilliard, and has such teachers in his pedigree as the late Donald Erb and John Corigliano. He has two ASCAP Morton Gould Young Composer Awards under his belt, some recognitions and support from the NEA and the American Music Center, as well as two ABA/Ostwald Awards (he is actually the youngest composer ever to win such an award). You can read his formal bio here.

His claim to fame is the Redline Tango, which seems to be permitting academia for his inventive use of an ostinato (several of my professors have mentioned it in a formal discussion setting at more than one institution), but has a number of gems in his catalogue, including an incredibly popular Harvest: Concerto for Trombone and Orchestra-without-strings, and Wine Dark SeaL Symphony for Band. From my personal experiences with him, he is a lovely and receptive human being who does not shy away from storytelling or offering an ear to an eager developing composer.

A bit about the piece

Mackey's Concerto for Soprano Saxophone and Wind Ensemble is his second of such pieces in his catalogue, proceeded by Drum Music: Concerto for Percussion and Wind Ensemble, and followed by Harvest and Antique Violences: Concerto for Trumpet. Since the trumpet concerto is getting most of the press now given its most recent creation, the soprano saxophone concerto has fallen by the wayside. It was heavily dwarfed by the trombone concerto as well, which still appears to have a great deal of steam left in it and, as expected, does not receive even remotely the same air time as many of his other straight wind ensemble works.

Admittedly, I have not kept up on Mackey's catalogue as much as I used to, but from what I can glean, my thought is that this piece is still his best work produced to date. My claim for this might be purely based on aesthetics, but given that I have written a paper or two concerning this piece's construction (maybe I should dust those off at some point...), I feel confident in that claim for now.

Here's why: this work embodies so much of what theorists have been arguing constitutes a great piece of music. It is so incredibly simple in how it is pieced together once you find the bricks and mortar that you realize that every note is essential and every gesture is rooted in three basic motivic elements structured within one of the most accessible forms available. Ultimately, Mackey relies on three motives: an additive rhythmic motive, something I call a slide motive, and then the melodic motive—arguably just an extension of the slide motive, which makes the piece that much cooler!

The beauty of this piece is that all of this comes at you in the Prelude, a 2-minute introduction to the piece that tells you everything the piece will consist of in no uncertain terms. The inner movements each draw from these motives with a little more focus, and then the Finale is literally a doubled up presentation of the Prelude, where everything that occurred in the first movement is presented twice in the last movement through the refined eyes of the inner movements. It really is genius, and the simplicity is astonishing! Who knows if Mackey would actually agree with any of this, but I would be curious if he had any input into this piece's construction since his website is mostly void of it.

On a personal note, I gained further love for this piece when I stumbled into a recording session of it while studying at Arizona State University, where I attended simply to meet him and ended up instead taking track notes and providing input to Mackey directly between takes. This recording is the one present on his website ☺️

tags: John Mackey, Concerto, Soprano Saxophone, Trombone, Percussion, Trumpet, Redline Tango, Cleveland Institute of Music, Juilliard, Antique Violences, Drum Music, ABA/Ostwald Award, ASCAP Morton Gould Young Composer Awards, National Endowment for the Arts, American Music Center, wind ensemble, band music
categories: Weekly Listening
Monday 07.10.17
Posted by Kurt Mehlenbacher